Git And GitHub

 

                                               

What is Git?

Git is a popular version control system. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005, and has been maintained by Junio Hamano since then.

 **It is used for:**

• Tracking code changes
• Tracking who made changes
• Coding collaboration

What does Git do?

• Manage projects with Repositories
• Clone a project to work on a local copy
• Control and track changes with Staging and Committing
• Branch and Merge to allow for work on different parts and versions of a project
• Pull the latest version of the project to a local copy
• Push local updates to the main project

Working with Git

• Initialize Git on a folder, making it a Repository
• Git now creates a hidden folder to keep track of changes in that folder
• When a file is changed, added or deleted, it is considered modified
• You select the modified files you want to Stage
• The Staged files are Committed, which prompts Git to store a permanent snapshot of the files
• Git allows you to see the full history of every commit.
• You can revert back to any previous commit.
• Git does not store a separate copy of every file in every commit, but keeps track of changes made in each commit!

Why Git?

• Over 70% of developers use Git!
• Developers can work together from anywhere in the world.
• Developers can see the full history of the project.
• Developers can revert to earlier versions of a project.

What is GitHub?

• Git is not the same as GitHub.
• GitHub makes tools that use Git.
• GitHub is the largest host of source code in the world, and has been owned by Microsoft since 2018.
• In this tutorial, we will focus on using Git with GitHub.

Git Install

You can download Git for free from the following website: https://www.git-scm.com/

Using Git with Command Line

To start using Git, we are first going to open up our Command shell.

For Windows, you can use Git bash, which comes included in Git for Windows. For Mac and Linux you can use the built-in terminal.

The first thing we need to do, is to check if Git is properly installed:

Example

git --version
git version 2.30.2.windows.1

Configure Git

Now let Git know who you are. This is important for version control systems, as each Git commit uses this information:

Example

git config --global user.name "Geeks-test"
git config --global user.email "test@Geeks.com"

Change the user name and e-mail address to your own. You will probably also want to use this when registering to GitHub later on.

Creating Git Folder

Now, let's create a new folder for our project:

Example

mkdir myproject cd myproject

mkdir makes a new directory.

cd changes the current working directory.

Now that we are in the correct directory. We can start by initializing Git!.

Note: If you already have a folder/directory you would like to use for Git:

Navigate to it in command line, or open it in your file explorer, right-click and select "Git Bash here".

Initialize Git

Once you have navigated to the correct folder, you can initialize Git on that folder:

Example

git init 
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/user/myproject/.git/

You just created your first Git Repository!